Traffic data are data processed for the purpose of the conveyance of communication on an electronic communications network.According to the means of communication used, the data needed to convey the communication will vary, but may typically include contact details, time and location data.

Although such traffic data should be distinguished from content data, both are quite sensitive as they give insight in confidential communications. These data therefore enjoy special protection in Articles 5 and 6 of the E-privacy Directive 2009/136/EC.