One other relevant point of discussion is the nature of data for which processing requires appropriate safeguards and may justify exceptions and derogations to the rights of the subjects.

There is no doubt that Article 89 comprises all categories of personal data, which also includes the processing of special categories of personal data, provided that the conditions for the processing of these latter are met.

Thus, the secondary use of data for archiving purposes, for scientific research or historical research, or for statistical purposes (Art. 5), must be supported by the guarantees referred to in Art. 89 when, for example, analysis or cross-checking with other data highlights information of a sensitive nature. Therefore, when applying the regime of Art. 89, the context of the processing, its implications and the nature of the data are of paramount importance.